There’s more than one type of Discovery – find out which is right for you

Discovery is a way to understand what the best problem to solve is and identify the most valuable ideas to progress, in order to reduce the risk for what you choose to invest in during the design and build.

We recommend approaching a discovery from three key angles – Desirability, Viability and Feasibility.  We’ve seen this result in a more robust outcome that teams can feel confident taking forward.

However discoveries take all different shapes and are set in different contexts, and can be useful at  different stages. The recommendation above applies well when evaluating new ideas for example. Understanding what you want to get from a discovery is the first step, what is it that you hope to learn?

In this article I will explore some different types of discovery including:

• Strategic Discovery
• Value Proposition Discovery
• Product Discovery
• Feature Discovery

to look at why we do discovery, what we do and who is involved.

Strategic Discovery

A strategic discovery can be helpful if your teams lack alignment and direction about what to do next and how to get there. This could be in relation to changes in the market, a need to move reduce operational cost or a desire to grow and improve.  By understanding your  own problem space and collaborating to uncover challenges and opportunities, it’s possible to find clarity.

Scenario: we have a long running, successful service for our customers and now  want to increase sales,  introduce digital tools for operational staff and improve our customer experience.

• Strategic Discovery would explore the current ‘as is’ situation, reviewing the existing customer experience and identifying pain points and opportunities.  By understanding  users and their needs, we use this insight, as well as stakeholder feedback to explore the problems to solve and visualise an ideal experience to act as a ‘North star’.
• In Discovery, interviews with employees would consider their current workflow and highlight ways that digital tools could help and provide a better  experience when completing tasks. It is likely to  include a review of the current  technical architecture and platforms.
• Competitor research can provide a broad view in discovery of what others are doing, to understand the market direction and take inspiration or define how to stand out. Identifying clear KPIs to measure would be included.
• Discovery would examine the sales pipeline from start to finish to understand the multiple touchpoints and channels a customer might engage with before converting. Customer feedback and engagement data can provide insight into where the opportunities lie.

A strategic discovery would be led by a product manager, user researcher, service designer and technical architect, with engagement from other business teams and senior stakeholders.

The outcome of this strategic discovery would be a clear, shared vision and set of outcomes that the business can work on together to achieve over time. During this process the main enablers and functionality required this would be identified. This would show the role different teams might need to play across the organisation, from operations to digital to marketing to legal.

Value Proposition Discovery

A Value Proposition discovery is well worth considering if you have a new business idea and want to evaluate it.  It’s a chance to  explore how commercially viable it might be, do your users want it, is the time right,  and what will it take to build and maintain it. Discovery helps you test your hypotheses and drastically reduces the risk in progressing.  There are no shortage of ideas out there, however choosing the most valuable idea to progress right now is the hard part.

Scenario: we have an idea for a new value proposition that we hope to bring to market.  We want to create a subscription service for customers and increase customer retention.

• Discovery would include looking at subscription engine products, integration and licence costs. As well as fraud and risk management, data governance and security, teams would also want to explore operational support and technical readiness.
• Discovery would involve research – competitor research  to review how others model their subscription service and what their offer is to customers.  With customer research to understand what problem we are trying to solve, as well exploring expectations, behaviour and needs in relation to the new  service.
• Discovery would include working with finance, legal, operations, customer services and trading teams to explore price points, costs and business viability of the proposition design. Service designs would visualise how different teams would deliver a service like this, exposing complexity and dependencies early..
• Discovery would be a time to pilot the idea with customers and employees to test and learn what works and what needs refinement. This might include conducting technical spikes and creating proof of concepts to test assumptions, this will  de-risk the technical approach as well as ensuring  a great customer experience.

This type of discovery would be led by a product manager, user researcher, service designer, working closely with a UX designer, an SME and a technical architect, with engagement from other teams in the business and decision-making from senior stakeholders.

The outcome of this type of discovery would be for the business to be able to make a confident go/ no go decision about a new proposition, with a clear understanding of the investment required, dependencies, the time to market, the customer behaviour expected,  and the teams needed to deliver this proposition.

Product Discovery

The  Value Proposition Discovery approach can also be applied when levels of engagement are lower than expected for a product you’ve already created, or users aren’t engaging as expected, resulting in a lower completion rate or low ROI.  The temptation might be to keep adding more features and continue in the hope that users will eventually come;  another approach might be to kill the product altogether and walk away.

In our experience, pausing and spending time with users to understand their broader needs and get feedback on the product that exists today is a useful step. Feedback is invaluable and no matter how brutal it may be, it provides a much clearer view of how the product is perceived and used today. Research can uncover  what’s missing, where the friction is, whether it solves a real problem and why users might be choosing to go elsewhere.  Armed with this insight, teams can make informed decisions to change direction and re-imagine their product,  remove it, or target a different user group.

In our work with a government department, we ran a discovery to understand why the uptake of a free health related service was so low, despite the investment it had received. Conducting a broad discovery, we spoke with the target audience to understand how they access similar services; this included the providers of the service and those who fund and procure services across the country, to understand how the current service operates. Our focus was on awareness and access – sometimes you can create a great thing, but if no one knows about it, or it’s hard to access, they won’t be able to use it. We were able to make 5 key recommendations enabling the policy makers and government team to move into Alpha with ideas to test and measure.

Feature Discovery

Adding new functionality to an existing product is what keeps customers happy and enables the business to respond to change.  To avoid a solution being applied to the user experience based on assumption, a short discovery will ensure that the new feature is well designed, simple and easy to use, doesn’t negatively impact other parts of the user experience and adds value. It’s all in the detail.

Scenario:  we want to introduce account functionality to our customers to help us connect with our users, make relevant products and services available, and provide a place for them to manage their details and save preferences.

• Discovery would be to understand what the user needs are for the account, what are their expectations, and their current behaviour based on other accounts they have online (e.g. be able to use social log in or 2FA).  This would also be a chance to conduct competitor research and analysis to provide insight on trends.
• Discovery would include understanding the software and technical choices for running customer accounts (data protection and governance, authentication etc), conducting technical spikes or creating proof of concepts.
• Discovery would identify the KPIs and business needs that the account functionality would serve and how we would measure this.
• Discovery would provide a chance to explore a range of ideas and prototype the user experience to gather feedback quickly from users, testing any assumptions about the journey flow, content and interaction. A prototype also helps everyone have a shared view of how the new feature will behave and what the interaction might feel like.
• If any existing account functionality exists, via a third party for example, then we would also consider the migration approach, how to move existing customer data and communicate clearly with those customers moving to a new account.

This type of discovery would be led by a product manager, user researcher, user experience designer, content designer  and technical architect, with design walk throughs and research playbacks for stakeholders.

The outcome of this type of discovery* would be to agree the scope and requirements for new functionality or a new feature to be built, and have high confidence in the user experience design.  From here the backlog can be created and development work can begin, knowing that we are building the right thing.

* In a UK government setting, this work would span discovery and alpha phases, with development happening in Beta, into Live. Outside of government, this is all discovery, going into delivery.

At the Co-op, a major UK retailer, we designed and built an employee tool to manage rotas, including sickness and leave, replacing  the paper based process that existed before. We spent time with employees in shops, including shop staff, shop managers to understand their environment and current ways of managing shift rotas. We used prototypes to ensure the new tool met those different user needs and designed an inclusive experience that was easy to use.  Investing in time with users, led to 85% voluntary adoption of the tool across 46,000 employees in less than 6 months.

Summary

By investing in a strategic discovery, you ensure that as an organisation, there is a shared view of where you want to get to and why – you have the bigger picture and direction. This in turn informs the teams across the organisation and provides the alignment so often craved for, joining the dots.  The teams can then discover how to release products and features that provide the most value and solve real problems.  Before a shorter discovery to explore the best way to design and build experiences to meet user needs, and deliver successful business outcomes.

Over time, stable product teams would be doing continuous discovery alongside continuous delivery to keep their product up to date with new features and functionality,  and perhaps more importantly, continue to adapt and to respond to change.  More on this in a future post.

Conducting discovery at these different stages will ensure that you design and build the right thing with confidence. If you are considering running a discovery of any kind and think we can help, please get in touch.